Er mennesket egentlig vegeterianer?

[Traadstarter]

Jeg ble litt inspirert av en tråd på filosofi om vegetarisme. Stemmer det som står i denne artikkelen?

 

http://www.falcktrading.com/article.asp?w=6623004&x=

 

Den sier blant annet at tarmsystemet vårt er som tarmsystemet for dyr, og at det dermed er best for oss å avstå fra kjøtt.

[LysDiode]

Mennesker er rovdyr, vi har jaktet siden istiden.. og sikkert lenge før den tid også!

[kengdal]

Jeg ble litt inspirert av en tråd på filosofi om vegetarisme. Stemmer det som står i denne artikkelen?

 

http://www.falcktrading.com/article.asp?w=6623004&x=

 

Den sier blant annet at tarmsystemet vårt er som tarmsystemet for dyr, og at det dermed er best for oss å avstå fra kjøtt.

Masse tull og feil i den artikkelen.

 

Dagens menneske ble mennesket pga våre forfedre (apene) begynte å spiske kjøtt og ikke mist fett. Hjernen består primært av fett. Og all forskning på området viser til at det var da apene begynte å spise store mengder fett, hjernen begynte å utvikle seg. Og dette er snakk om 3 millioner år siden.

Mennesket er definitivt IKKE vegetarianere.

 

Food for thought - 3 million years ago

BBC

 

Brain food

Because meat is relatively easy to digest and rich in calories and nutrients, early Homo lost the need for the big intestines of apes and earlier hominids. This freed up energy for use by other organs. This surplus of energy seems to have been diverted to one organ in particular - the brain. But scavenging meat from under the noses of big cats is a risky business, so good scavengers needed to be smart. At this stage in our evolution, a big brain was associated with greater intellect. Big brains require lots of energy to operate: the human brain uses 20% of the body's total energy production. But the massive calorific hit provided by meat kick-started an increase in the brain size of early humans.

[LysDiode]

Vi er ikke vegitarianere.

Endret 14. februar 2008 av Pilarwiki

[Zethyr]

La meg spekulere... hvis jeg spiser masse fettholdig man.. er jeg smart da? Det kan jo diskuteres..

Barn som spiser for lite omega3-fettsyrer av forskjellige sorter blir dummere. Omega3-tilskudd økte IQ'en med 5-10 poeng på ganske kort tid hos barn som spiste for lite fett. Kildene har jeg dessverre ikke, da jeg hørte dette på P1. Men det var visstnok seriøse studier med et forholdsvis stort antall barns om deltok.

[TehKris]

Den studien ble gjort i England, og var et salgsargument da jeg var telefonselger for Fri Flyt Omega 3

[Zethyr]

Den studien ble gjort i England, og var et salgsargument da jeg var telefonselger for Fri Flyt Omega 3

Åh, Fri Flyt-folkene er så vanvittig irriterende! Bra du har slutta

[kengdal]

La meg spekulere... hvis jeg spiser masse fettholdig man.. er jeg smart da? Det kan jo diskuteres..

Skjønner ikke helt hva du vil frem til her. Masse fett betyr ikke at man er smart. Men som jeg skrev, vår hjerne begynnte å utvikle seg da vi begynnte med fett fra dyr/fisk i vårt kosthold. Det er også dirket sammenheng mellom inntak av sunne fettsyrer og intelligens hos barn.

 

OBJECTIVES: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n-6) are important for development of the central nervous system in mammals. There is a growth spurt in the human brain during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first postnatal months, with a large increase in the cerebral content of AA and DHA. The fetus and the newborn infant depend on maternal supply of DHA and AA. Our hypothesis was that maternal intake of DHA during pregnancy and lactation is marginal and that high intake of this fatty acid would benefit the child. We examined the effect of supplementing pregnant and lactating women with very-long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; cod liver oil) on mental development of the children, compared with maternal supplementation with long-chain n-6 PUFAs (corn oil). METHODS: The study was randomized and double-blinded. Pregnant women were recruited in week 18 of pregnancy to take 10 mL of cod liver oil or corn oil until 3 months after delivery. The cod liver oil contained 1183 mg/10 mL DHA, 803 mg/10 mL eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), and a total of 2494 mg/10 mL summation operator n-3 PUFAs. The corn oil contained 4747 mg/10 mL linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and 92 mg/10 mL alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3). The amount of fat-soluble vitamins was identical in the 2 oils (117 micro g/mL vitamin A, 1 micro g/mL vitamin D, and 1.4 mg/mL dl-alpha-tocopherol). A total of 590 pregnant women were recruited to the study, and 341 mothers took part in the study until giving birth. All infants of these women were scheduled for assessment of cognitive function at 6 and 9 months of age, and 262 complied with the request. As part of the protocol, 135 subjects from this population were invited for intelligence testing with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) at 4 years of age. Of the 135 invited children, 90 came for assessment. Six children did not complete the examination. The K-ABC is a measure of intelligence and achievement designed for children aged 2.5 years through 12.5 years. This multisubtest battery comprises 4 scales: Sequential Processing, Simultaneous Processing, Achievement (not used in the present study), and Nonverbal Abilities. The Sequential Processing and Simultaneous Processing scales are hypothesized to reflect the child's style of problem solving and information processing. Scores from these 2 scales are combined to form a Mental Processing Composite, which serves as the measure of intelligence in the K-ABC. RESULTS: We received dietary information from 76 infants (41 in the cod liver oil group and 35 in the corn oil group), documenting that all of them were breastfed at 3 months of age. Children who were born to mothers who had taken cod liver oil (n = 48) during pregnancy and lactation scored higher on the Mental Processing Composite of the K-ABC at 4 years of age as compared with children whose mothers had taken corn oil (n = 36; 106.4 [7.4] vs 102.3 [11.3]). The Mental Processing Composite score correlated significantly with head circumference at birth (r = 0.23), but no relation was found with birth weight or gestational length. The children's mental processing scores at 4 years of age correlated significantly with maternal intake of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid during pregnancy. In a multiple regression model, maternal intake of DHA during pregnancy was the only variable of statistical significance for the children's mental processing scores at 4 years of age. CONCLUSION: Maternal intake of very-long-chain n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation may be favorable for later mental development of children.

 

 

Breastfeeding, very long polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and IQ at 6 1/2 years of age.

Gustafsson PA, Duchén K, Birberg U, Karlsson T.

 

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. [email protected]

 

AIM: Breastfeeding seems to be favorable for cognitive development. Could levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) explain this? METHODS: Pregnant mothers were recruited consecutively at maternity care centres. PUFA were analysed in colostrum and breast milk at 1 and 3 mo. The product-precursor ratios of n-6+n-3 PUFA were examined as measures of activity in respective steps in the fatty acid metabolic chain. Also, the quotient between DHA and AA was analysed. The children were tested with the full WISC-III at 6.5 y. RESULTS: First, the influence of length of breastfeeding was analysed by multiple regression together with relevant cofactors (except for PUFA). In the best models, 46% of the variation in total IQ was explained. Length of breastfeeding contributed significantly to total IQ (beta = 0.228, p = 0.021), verbal IQ (beta = 0.204, p = 0.040) and performance IQ (beta = 0.210, p = 0.056). There were no significant single correlations between PUFA and measures of cognitive development. However, in multiple regression analysis of colostrum, significant beta-coefficients were found for steps 4+5 in the fatty acid metabolic chain (beta = 0.559, p = 0.002). If length of breastfeeding and gestation week were added to steps 4+5, this three-factor model could explain 67% of the variation of total IQ. Introducing length of breastfeeding and gestation week together with the quotient DHA/AA (beta = 0.510, p < 0.001) yielded a three-factor model, which explained 76% of the variation in total IQ. CONCLUSION: Our findings could be interpreted as supporting the importance of high levels of PUFA for cognitive development. However, the sample is small and the results must be interpreted with caution.

 

Cognitive aging, childhood intelligence, and the use of food supplements: possible involvement of n-3 fatty acids.

Whalley LJ, Fox HC, Wahle KW, Starr JM, Deary IJ.

 

University of Aberdeen, Department of Mental Health, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. [email protected]

 

BACKGROUND: Food supplement use is widely promoted, but little is known about the cognitive effects of food supplements. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of food supplement use on cognitive aging. DESIGN: This was an observational study of subjects born in 1936 whose mental ability was tested in 1947 and who were followed up in 2000-2001, at which time cognition, diet, food supplement use, and risk factors for vascular disease were assessed. In a nested case-control study, fish-oil users were matched with nonusers, and cognitive function was related to erythrocyte n-3 fatty acid composition. RESULTS: Childhood intelligence quotient (IQ) did not differ significantly by category of food supplement use (ie, none, fish oil, vitamins, and other). At the age of 64 y, cognitive function was higher in food supplement users than in nonusers before adjustment for childhood IQ. After adjustment for childhood IQ, digit symbol (mental speed) test scores were higher in food supplement users. Fish-oil supplement users consumed more vitamin C and vegetable and cereal fiber than did non-supplement-users. In a nested case-control study, erythrocyte membrane n-3 content was higher in fish-oil supplement users than in nonusers, but cognitive function did not differ significantly between groups. Total erythrocyte n-3 fatty acids and the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid was associated with better cognitive function in late life before and after adjustment for childhood IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Food supplement use and erythrocyte n-3 content are associated with better cognitive aging. If associations with n-3 content are causal, optimization of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intakes could improve retention of cognitive function in old age

 

Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age.

Willatts P, Forsyth JS, DiModugno MK, Varma S, Colvin M.

 

Department of Psychology, University of Dundee, UK.

 

BACKGROUND: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important for normal visual and brain development. Although present in human milk, LCPUFA have until recently been absent from artificial formulas, and infants may have limited ability to synthesise LCPUFA. To determine the clinical significance of this relative deficiency of LCPUFA, we undertook a randomised trial of the relation between LCPUFA supplementation and infant cognitive behaviour. METHODS: 44 term infants had been randomised to a formula supplemented with LCPUFA (21) or not supplemented with LCPUFA (23), which they had taken from birth to age 4 months. Infant cognitive behaviour was assessed at 10 months of age by a means-end problem-solving test--the intentional execution of a sequence of steps to achieve a goal. The problem required three intermediate steps to achieve the final goal, uncovering and retrieving a hidden toy. FINDINGS: Infants who received LCPUFA-supplemented formula had significantly more intentional solutions than infants who received the no-LCPUFA formula (median 2.0 vs 0, p=0.021). Intention scores (median 14.0 vs 11.5 [maximum 18]) were also increased in this group (p=0.035). INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest that term infants may benefit from LCPUFA supplementation, and that the effects persist beyond the period of supplementation. Since higher problem-solving scores in infancy are related to higher childhood IQ scores, supplementation with LCPUFA may be important for the development of childhood intelligence.

[kengdal]

Dobbelpost?

Endret 14. februar 2008 av kengdal

[kengdal]

La meg spekulere... hvis jeg spiser masse fettholdig man.. er jeg smart da? Det kan jo diskuteres..

Barn som spiser for lite omega3-fettsyrer av forskjellige sorter blir dummere. Omega3-tilskudd økte IQ'en med 5-10 poeng på ganske kort tid hos barn som spiste for lite fett. Kildene har jeg dessverre ikke, da jeg hørte dette på P1. Men det var visstnok seriøse studier med et forholdsvis stort antall barns om deltok.

Jeg fant ikke den stuiden nå, men har sett den før.

Men det er nok av bevis i de jeg fant.

[LysDiode]

Det er jo forskjell, som dere sier, på sunne fettsyrer og mettende fettsyrer. Jeg tenkte mest på mettendefettsyrer.

 

Uansett, så begynner dette å bli litt Off Tpic nå..

 

beklager at jeg startet alt dette

[synsing]

Synes det er mistenkelig med slike artikler som påstår og påstår og kommer med unyanserte eksempler uten å nevne hvor de har tatt noe av det fra. Når man leser "Etter mange nylige undersøkelser har vitenskapen konkludert med at" uten en eneste referanse bør det ringe en varselsbjelle.

 

Uansett, jeg lurer på hvor mange kilo grønnsaker og frukt man må spise om dagen for å dekke det høye energiforbruket de vanderende steinaldermenneskene sannsynligvis hadde? Husk - det var ingenting som het planteolje og korn den gangen!