En liten BIOS ordliste med forklaring

[<Andtho/>]

Synes denne var til hjelp, mye bra som mange lurer på her..

 

Sakset fra: Denne siden..

 

"1. BIOS Introduction.

 

The BIOS (BASIC Input System Output) takes again the whole of the Firmware of the PC motherboard, the SETUP is the program which takes again to the configuration (parameter setting) user of the BIOS. This treacherous chapter thus of the SETUP and not directly of the BIOS. The BIOS is different for each motherboard. If this chapter treats BIOS in general, we will see the BIOS of the computers of the type AWARD, with each time several possibilities for each headings.

 

To return in Setup, it is necessary to support on the starting of the computer on key < Del > (most used) or < F1 > or < F2 > or < F8 > or < ESC > (this depends on the motherboard). On IBM, it is necessary to await a white square in top on the right of the screen. In certain cases, by removing the keyboard with starting, the code to be returned appears on the screen, remains more than to replug the keyboard.

 

To move, use either the arrows high - low, or the entered key. To modify a value, use the keys < Up Page > - < Down Page > or < + > and < - >. Remark, you can use the key < verr num > to activate the digital keyboard.

 

Each parameter has its utility. Nevertheless, in the majority of the cases, they can be left by defect. The mark ! is to be taken into account for normal PC, without testing all the options.

 

2. Standard CMOS Setup

 

 

Standard CMOS gathers the configuration of the hard disks, Floppy drive, clock and memory. The latter is always detected automatically.

 

With. 440 BX for Pentium II and Pentium III, drunk external to 100 MHz.

 

Time is identical to the parameter settings by the operating system.

 

In the case above, 4 discs IDE can be to parameterize in AUTO. Nevertheless, in heading "IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION", you can make a detection once for all this allows to save time with starting. This is not valid any more for the new motherboards. For the problems of detection of the hard disks (capacities), you can refer in chapter 10 of the course hardware of first year.

 

The disk drives DRIVE A and DRIVE B are currently always 1.44 MB for A and None (no) for B.

 

Video must always be EGA/VGA.

 

Halt One: always on All Errors. This stops the chart in the event of problem. Other possibilities:

• No errors Starting (boot) does not stop in the event of error
  
• All Errors In the event of error, the system stops and announces the error
  
• All, goal Keyboard The system does not start in the event of error except if it does not detect a keyboard
  
• All, goal diskette The system does not start in the event of error except if it does not detect a disk drive.
  
• All, Goal Disk/Key The PC starts in the event of discs error or keyboard, but stops for all the other errors
  

 

The memory is detected automatically. For recall, the kilo Byte (byte) is always referred in 1000 in hardware and 1024 for the software.

 

B Apollo KT-133 for Athlon - external Duron 100 MHz, motherboard QDI Kinetiz, the possibility of detection preliminary of the hard disks is this time not established in a menu in the BIOS, but in the "Standard setup".

 

 

While positioning on a disc and while pressing on the < Entered > key, you return in the window below:

 

 

If you press on key < ENTREE >, auto-detection fixes the type of hard disk present in the machine.

Cyls A number of cylinders

• PRECOMP Pre compression of writing
  
• Sector Numbers of sectors
  
• Head A number of heads
  
• LANDZ LANDING ZONE
  
• Mode Access mode to the hard disk (CHS, LBA or Broad)
  

 

CHS: no transformation is carried out during the transfer of the data this is specific to disc IDE and the capacity is limited to... 528 MB

 

LBA (Logical Adressing Block): This mode makes it possible to exceed the 528 MB. The number of cylinders, heads and sectors are not the physical numbers included in the hard disk. It is most current

 

BROAD mode: certain discs IDE contain more than 1024 rolls without support LBA (for certain operating systems of the UNIX type, except for Lynux, this is obligatory). In this case, the limitation of the 1024 rolls is done by dividing the exact number by 2.

 

3.Frequency Voltage Control

 

This order allows the auto-detection the speed (intern and external of the processor and its supply voltage. It appeared only with Pentium II, Duron - Athlon or superiors. Since it is only starting from these processors that the speed of the processor and the supply voltage are auto-detectable. In certain Setup, this function is also called Speed Easy CPU setup.

 

 

This part does not pose problems.

 

4. Advanced Bios Standard

 

It is here that one is likely to fall from with dimensions obscure from the PC (not of the force). This configuration is generally little modified (except to optimize the BIOS) and often actuates disfonctionnement PC. Nevertheless...

 

 

ChipAway Virus One Gard: Enabled protects the sector from starting (boot sector) of your hard disk against the writings, the work of some viruses. Other side of the coin, this poses some problems. In Win95, the installation stops abruptly. This was corrected in Win98 but, this function often causes into 98 and Millenium of the ineffective and prolonged stops. It preferable of is decontaminated (DISABLED) and... to update a regularly put antivirus.

 

CPU internal Enabled mask authorizes the masks internal L1 and L2 with the processor. In certain cases of periodic plantings of PC, try to return it disabled. This slows down the machine and is to be used only in tests. The processor is then to change.

 

External Cache L2 makes it possible to authorize (Enabled) or to remove (disabled) the external mask. For recall, since Pentium II, the L2 mask is integrated in the processor.

 

Cache L2 ECC: authorize or not the ECC on mask CPU L2. The ECC is a checking and correction of error of the memory. It is in practice used only in the servers of high range but is established in mask CPU

 

Quick Power One Test self-service configures some tests of the BIOS at the time of the starting of the PC and thus to accelerate starting.

 

Boot from Lan First Starts the boot of the machine via the chart network. This one must accept this function. In practice, one never uses this function and the chart network must include Eprom. On the new charts network, the socket for the eprom is not installed even any more.

 

Sequence BOOT makes it possible to specify which sequence of disc is used for starting. Since Win98/2000, one uses initially CD-Rom, then a:, C:, ... All the possibilities do not exist. To start on CD-Rom in first makes it possible to insert CD of installation of the operating system (Win98/2000/XP) without having to parameterize CD-Rom under Dos with a diskette.

 

Swap drive the disk drive must be connected to the motherboard via the 2 ends. This possibility makes it possible to connect the reader on the connector of the medium (without wire inversion).

 

Boot Up Numlock Status makes it possible to start the PC with the activated digital keyboard. This does not function for the operating systems NT.

 

Gate A20 Option Gate A20 refers to the way in which the system addresses memory higher 1MB. In normal mode, the A20 signal is controlled by the controller of keyboard or a specific circuit. In mode FAST (fast), it is controlled by the chipset.

 

Typematic Rate Setting the repetition by the keys of the keyboard is determined by the controller of the keyboard. By authorizing this function, you can control the 2 options below: the time of repetition and the speed of repetition. For recall, this function is integrated in Win95 and following. Here, it is useful only in DOS.

 

Typematic Misses (Cars/sec.). Between 3 and 60, the speed of repetition of the same key.

 

Typematic Delay (mSec.) determine the time for the repetition of the keys (between 250 and 1000 milliseconds).

 

Password Setting. It is here that one determines the passwords System which prevents the starting of the machine and the access to the BIOS or Setup which blocks only the access to the BIOS. This function is not established in all the BIOS and certain charts integrate a bridging on the chart which removes starting by the Power button of the case, only by typing the password.

 

OS Select For DRAM > 64 MB Non OS2 by defect. OS2 manages the memory higher than 64 MB in a personal way.

 

HDD S.M.A.R.T. capability allows activated function smart for the hard disks, provided that the hard disk accepts it. This means Coil-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. It acts of a mechanism of prevention of the breakdowns. The hard disk is supposed to warn the user of a breakdown approximately 72 hours before the latter does not occur. The checking is done with the starting of the PC and does not affect any the performances.

 

Video Bios Shadow makes it possible to copy the video bios in memory RAM, which increases the speed of posting

 

C800-CBFFF... DC000-DFFF makes it possible to copy the optional ROM (by 16K) towards the associated memory (with dimensions obscure of data processing, even if the RAM is faster than a Rom)

 

Show Bootup logo specific to the charts of mark QDI, makes it possible to post or not logo QDI (or another) with starting.

 

Other possible options:

 

flash Write protect allows for the BIOS directly flashable to protect this function. It is more effective with the bridging generally placed on the motherboard.

 

5. Advanced BIOS Features Setup

 

Advanced Chipset Features Setup makes it possible to manage specificities of the chipset of the motherboard. The majority of the orders are useless for configurations standards and are detected automatically but allow to optimize the BIOS. This part includes/understands the configuration of the memory of the computer and bus AGP for the graphics accelerator

 

DRAM Clock/ Drive Control

 

Clean FSB Frequency (Only Athlon XP): allows to post the processor FSB speed (Front Side Bus). This one is determined by bridgings on the motherboard

 

Current DRAM Frequency (100 - 133 - 166 - 200): allows to manually determine the speed of the memories used. For recall, DDR use a double notation. A DDR 400 will have thus to be announced like 200.

 

DRAM Clock (identical to Current DRAM Frequency): allows to adjust the speed of the memories. Option SPD (Serial Detect Presence) makes it possible to let the motherboard select it automatically.

 

DRAM Timing (SPD, manual, turbo, Ultra): allows to increase the timing of the memory. This is related to the cooling of the memories.

 

DRAM Burst Lenght: This makes it possible to improve the performances of the memory. The burst makes it possible to send the data in mode "gust".

 

DRAM Tail Depth (2/3/4 Level): also related to the mode "Rafale", allows to define the number of data sent of only one blow.

 

DRAM Command Misses (1T/2T): determine the time between the signal CS (Chip select) and the acceptance of the order. Also called Latency, T is the period of clock.

 

Write Recovery Time (2T/3T): specify the time (in cycles of clock) which must be inserted between an operation of valid writing memory and a cooling report, 2 cycles for DDR 200 and DDR266, 3 cycles for the DDR333 and DDR400

 

DRAM twTR (1T/2T): dependent on Write Recovery time above, 1 cycle (1T) for DDR 200 and 266, 2T for higher speeds.

 

AGP Size Aperture (4/8/16/32/... 256MB). This makes it possible to determine the maximum size of memory which the chart screen AGP can use in the standard memory of the PC. In the case of a motherboard with too much memory compared to memory PC available, it is here that it is necessary to parameterize for the starting of certain plays.

 

AGP Driving Control (Auto/Manual): the default value is recommended.

 

AGP Driving Been worth (00 - FF): to use only when graphic accelerators AGP 4 X do not function correctly in bus AGP 8X

 

AGP Fast Write (enabled/disabled); allows to activate or not the mode of fast writing AGP, according to the speed of memories DDR.

 

AGP Master 1 WS Write (enabled/disabled): allows to activate a latency (Wait state) in writing

 

AGP Master 1 WS Read (enabled/disabled: allows to activate a latency (Wait state) in reading

 

Vlink 8 X support (enabled/disabled): allows to activate the support of bus VLINK (specific to the chipsets VIA for Athlons)

 

Others less current can also be met (to be modified with extreme prudence) like

 

CASE delay or CASE latency (Column Adraws up Strobe): a many cycles of clock enter the reading command and the arrival of the data

 

SHORT-NAP CLOTH Precharge Time (Row Adraws up Stobe): a number of cycles of clock between 2 accesses to a line of data.

 

SHORT-NAP CLOTH To CASE delay: a many cycles of clock enter the access of a line to a column

 

SHORT-NAP CLOTH activates Time: a number of cycles of clock for the access time to a line

 

6. Power Setup Management

 

This function makes it possible to activate the various systems of energy saving.

 

ACPI Function (Enabled/disabled): allows to activate the function of energy ACPI

 

ACPI Suspends Standard (S3/S1): mode of energy saving - S3 by defect.

 

Mode suspends (sayable 1 Min... 1h.): allows automatically to put the PC in old mode as for the portable PC.

 

7. PNP/PCI Configuration SETUP

 

PNP OS Installed (Yes/No): allows to let the operating system (Yes) assign automatically the interruptions or not (given directly by the BIOS). In the case more running, case YES is used. On the other hand, for a PC integrating a great number of peripherals PCI, solution YES poses some problems. The passage of one with the other at least requires to give the drivers for Windows and in certain cases to reinstall the operating system. This is in particular related to the parameter "Resource controled by"

 

Configuration RESET DATED (enabled): allows to give all the parameters of the BIOS by defect. It is the setup equivalent of Clear Cmos.

 

Resource Controled By: Manual or AUTO (ESCD). This order makes it possible to assign resources (interruptions and DMA) manually. This function is generally obligatory only if you use charts ISA (not plug & Play), which is impossible with the new motherboards.

 

Assign IRQ for VGA: allows to assign an interruption with the graphic card. This option must be activated. Many PC remain on the screen "You can extinguish your PC..." if this option is not activated.

 

Assign IRQ for USB: allows to assign an interruption for the ports USB, Oui by defect.

 

8. Integrated Peripherals

 

This part is one of most important. It makes it possible to configure the ports, controllers hard disks....

 

IDE DMA Transfer Access: allows to activate the DMA on ports IDE

 

One Chip IDE Channel 0/1: allows to activate or not ports IDE. In the case of utilsiation without discs IDE (SCSI or S-ATA), this makes it possible to recover an interruption. Port IDE 1, reserved to the readers CD - engravers is generally always used.

 

IDE Prefetch Mode: Generally activated. Nevertheless, perhaps decontaminated for Windows NT which does not use the BIOS for the accesses hard disks.

 

Primary/secondary - Master/Slavic PIO: allows to pass manually in PIO 0 to 4, auto by defect.

 

Primary/secondary Master/slave UDMA: allows to activate the UDMA (100/133) for the hard disks, auto by defect.

 

IDE HDD Block Mode: allows to activate the block mode (transfer of the data by block). This function causes sometimes instabilities for hard disks ATA-33.

 

USB 2.0 Support: activate ports USB 2.0

 

USB Keyboard Support: the detection of keyboard USB allows. This function is not necessary any more in the new motherboards.

 

Onboard FDC To control: allows to activate the controller of the disk drive.

 

Onboard Serial 1/2: allows to activate and assign (com1, com2, com3, com4) the 2 ports series present on the motherboard.

 

Onboard Parallel Port: allows to activate and assign the parallel port (378/278/3BC)

 

Init First Display: initialize a graphics accelerator PCI or AGP in first. Except in the case of 2 graphic board (including 1 PCI), AGP

23.9. PC Health Status

 

This function makes it possible to put protections of temperature, to post the temperatures on the motherboard and the processor, to check the number of revolutions of ventilator CPU...

 

10. Load Fail-Safe Default

 

This function makes it possible to at least start the PC with all the parameters of the setup. This is used for unstable machines.

 

11. Load Optimized Default

 

Charge the parameters of optimum factory. This should improve the speed of operation of the PC computer. The parameters reports remain nevertheless with minium.

 

12. Others

 

These orders are sometimes met in Bios of some motherboards

 

Burst refresh and Hidden refresh. This order is related to the cooling of the memory of the PC. This is done at the time of access reports of the processor or by a specific order REFRESH on the control bus. The second type is faster."

 

Sorry at det er på engelsk, men jeg orka ikke oversette, det holdt med å redigere..

 

Det er mange her som kan mye om dette her, så hvis det er noe som mangler så skrik ut så skal jeg legge det til..

 

Håper dette hjalp mange, tror det meste skulle være tatt med her..

[2 Fast 4 Biltema]

Nyyyyyedelig tråd

 

Mye nyttig infomasjon. Litt synd at den ikke var på norsk...

[<Andtho/>]

Nyyyyyedelig tråd

 

Mye nyttig infomasjon. Litt synd at den ikke var på norsk...

5231083[/snapback]

Takk, takk! Håper det var til hjelp..

 

Tenkte på å oversette.. Men da ville jeg ha sitti her til i morra.. Tok en halvtime å redigere, legge til bilder og på de stedene som var viktige.. hehe.. :!:

[Guggelibu]

En LITEN BIOS ordliste?

den er ihvertfall "liten" nok til at jeg ikke gidder lese den

[<Andtho/>]

En LITEN BIOS ordliste?

den er ihvertfall "liten" nok til at jeg ikke gidder lese den

5242498[/snapback]

Kan være grei å slå opp i om det er noe i BIOS du ikke skjønner.. Kunne vel egentlig vært sticky, så slipper man å lete etter den..

[Ongabonga]

Hadde kanskje passet bedre under hovedkort? Er enig med sticky!

[Zeph]

Kjempefin guide, er enig i at den passar best i Hovudkort-kategorien.

 

Har ofte lurt på kva alt som er i BIOS betyr.

[Gudmund21]

Hey tnx Konge den

[<Andtho/>]

Tenkte jeg ikke på.. Kanskje en MOD kan flytte den?