Free BSD igjen

[wil]

hvor mange CD-er trenger jeg for å kunne installere FreeBSD, men ikke skal ha noe program eller noe bare installere det. er det bra og er det bedre enn linux.

[druid]

du trenger 1 CD.

Om det er bedre en linux kommer an på smak og behag, jeg synes det er veldig greit og jobbe med, mens andre finner det merkelig.

[Gopp]

Du trenger to disketter for å installerer FreeBSD, hvis du har aksess på Internett.

 

Dette har jeg rappet fra http://www.schlacter.net:8500/public/FreeB...d_IPFILTER.html

 

FTP to ftp://releng4.freebsd.org/

 

 

Change directory into /pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/i386/4.5-YYYYMMDD-STABLE/floppies ...where 4.5-YYYYMMDD-STABLE is the directory that houses the latest snapshot. So the directory 4.5-20010601-STABLE, represents the 4.5 baseline, year 2001, month 06, and day 01...or the June 1st 2001 snapshot of FreeBSD 4.3-STABLE. Regardless of when I wrote this document, or whenever you downloaded and followed it, make sure that you get the newest snapshot in the directory so that you have the most stable, patched, and enhanced version of FreeBSD available.

 

 

Download the kern.flp and mfsroot.flp images & store them in your /tmp directory (on Linux or FreeBSD) or c:windowstemp directory (for Windows), depending on what system you're downloading from.

 

 

Download the floppy creation tools if you're a DOS/Windows users.

 

 

 

FTP to ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/

 

 

Change directory into /pub/FreeBSD/tools

 

 

Download the program, rawrite.exe, and store it in the same directory that you used, above.

 

 

Create Boot Floppies

 

 

 

If you're using Linux or FreeBSD, use the dd command as follows, and create one floppy from the kern.flp image, and another disk from the mfsroot.flp image.

[root@yoursys /tmp]# dd if=/tmp/kern.flp of=/dev/fd0

2880+1 records in

2880+0 records out

1474560 bytes transferred in 49.931306 secs (30135 bytes/sec)

If you're using DOS/Windows, use the rawrite program that you downloaded. Just like with Linux, make one floppy from the kern.flp image, and another one from the mfsroot.flp image.

C:WINDOWSTEMP>rawrite

RaWrite 1.3 - Write disk file to raw floppy diskette

Enter source file name: mfsroot.flp

Enter destination drive: a:

Please insert a formatted diskette into drive A: and press -ENTER- :

Number of sectors per track for this disk is 18

Writing image to drive A:. Press ^C to abort.

Track: 79 Head: 1 Sector: 16

Done.

On the FreeBSD machine, insert the kernel floppy (kern.flp) in your floppy drive and boot from it. When prompted, insert the 'MFS root' floppy (mfsroot.flp).

 

 

Run the kernel configuration utility in full-screen visual mode to clear any conflicts and ensure the kernel matches your hardware. For example, remove SCSI controllers if you don't have any, etc. On my system (where I don't have any SCSI controllers or a PS/2 mouse), here's the only active drivers I left enabled (I deleted the rest):

 

 

 

Storage:

 

 

ATA/ATAPI compatible disk controller

ata0

14

0x1f0

 

 

ATA/ATAPI compatible disk controller

ata1

15

0x170

 

 

Floppy disk controller

fdc0

6

0x3f0

 

 

Networks:

 

 

NE1000,NE2000,3C503,WD/SMC80xx Ethernet adapters

ed0

10

0x280

 

 

Communications:

 

 

Parallel Port chipset

ppc0

7

 

 

8250/16450/16550 Serial port

sio0

4

0x3f8

 

 

8250/16450/16550 Serial port

sio1

3

0x2f8

 

 

Input:

 

 

Keyboard

atkbd0

1

 

 

Syscons console driver

sc0

 

 

Multimedia:

 

 

Miscellaneous:

 

 

Math coprocessor

npx0

13

0xf0

 

Note: If you have PCI-based Ethernet cards, you can delete all of the network cards in the list - yours will be found and configured automatically. If you're on the other end of the scale (like me) and you have two old NE2000-compliant ISA network cards, you'll only be able to configure one of them at this time (ed0). After your installation is complete, you'll have to build a custom kernel & add in a "placeholder" for the 2nd generic ISA card, and then run through the kernel configuration utility again after you reboot. We'll do this at the end of this document.

 

Hit 'Q' then 'Y' to save your changes and exit.

From the main menu, choose a 'Standard' installation.

 

 

In the FDISK Partition Editor, choose 'A' to use the entire disk. This will let FreeBSD take the entire disk and eliminate the need for a bootloader. Press 'Q' to continue.

 

 

Now, you will now be presented with the Install Boot Manager for drive... screen. Select 'Standard' to install a standard MBR (no boot manager). After all, you won't be dual-booting this machine...it's a server. Therefore, you won't need a boot loader.

 

 

In the Disklabel Editor, create the following partitions, then choose 'Q' to continue. Note that I'm using a 4GB hard drive. You can decrease the sizes of the partitions if you don't have a 4GB hard drive for your system. Those two partitions can go as low as 64MB since this won't be a common-user system...but the /usr partition should never go below 650MB since that's where all of your kernel source and ports tree is located. Here's a partition scheme if you have a 4GB drive:

256MB swap partition (or at least 2x your RAM)

128MB file system mounted as /

512MB file system mounted as /tmp

512MB file system mounted as /var

1,000MB file system mounted as /usr

640MB file system mounted as /usr/local

1,000MB file system mounted as /usr/home

Choose "Kern-Developer" as the Distribution you want to install by highlighting it and pressing the 'space' bar. Remember, this is going to become a gateway/firewall system, and you'll need the kernel source code to recompile IPFILTER into the kernel. Also, you don't need (or want) X Windows running on it.

 

 

Select "Yes" to install the FreeBSD ports collection.

 

 

Arrow back up to "<<< X Exit" and hit the 'space' bar to exit the Distribution Menu

 

 

Select either an FTP or FTP Passive install (depending on what your current network's firewall will support).

 

 

Select "4.0 SNAP Server (releng4.freebsd.org)" as your Distribution Site

 

 

Select your Ethernet card as the network interface to install from (e.g. "ed0" if you're using a generic NE2000-compatible ISA card).

 

 

Select "no" for IPv6 config

 

 

Select "yes" for DHCP configuration if your network card is directly connected to your cable modem, etc. Select "no" if you're on a pre-existing network, then enter your interface configuration information manually - host name, domain name, IPv4 gateway IP address, name server IP address, IPv4 address, and netmask. To find the right ip settings for overalt.no, look at ipsettings.html

 

 

At the "Last Chance" warning, select "yes".

 

(System Installs...If releng4.freebsd.org isn't heavily loaded, the install can take as little as 22 minutes (with a cable modem). If releng4.freebsd.org is heavily loaded, the install can take as long as 2 hours...or longer...)

 

Miscellaneous configuration:

 

 

 

Do you want this machine to function as a gateway? No

 

 

Do you want to have anonymous FTP access to this machine? No

 

 

Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS Server: No

 

 

Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS Client: No

 

 

Select "No" when asked "Do you want to select a default security profile for this host". This will select the "Medium" setting. We will change this to the "Extreme - Very restrictive security settings" at the end of this procedure - after we recompile the kernel, etc.

 

 

Select "No" when asked to modify the system console configuration.

 

 

Select "Yes" when asked "Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?" Then, select "Yes" when asked if your machine's CMOS clock is set to UTC. Then select the appropriate time zone - by region, country, and then the applicable time zone.

 

 

Select "No" when asked if you'd like to install Linux Binary support.

 

 

Select "No" when asked if you want to enable USB mouse support

 

 

Select "Enable" when asked if you want to configure the mouse. Test to see if it works. Usually the defaults are fine.

 

 

When asked to browse the FreeBSD packages collection, select "Yes", then select the "4.0 SNAP Server" as the distribution site, elect to skip over a network reconfiguration (you've already done it correctly once...no need to do it again), and then install the following packages.

WWW - lynx-2.8.3.1

Net - cvsup-bin-16.1

Shells - bash-2.0.5

 

Then tab over and select "Install", select "OK" to confirm your choices

 

(Packages are installed...takes about 60 seconds)

 

 

Select "Yes" when asked if you want to add any additional user accounts. Since this is a server, and we are using LDAP to authenticate users, we won't need many, but you will need at least one. The main reason we're adding at least one other user account is so that we can set up SSH so that it does not allow remote root logins. Instead, you must SSH to the firewall as the user, and then 'su' to root.

 

 

Select "User - Add a new user to the system" on the User and group management dialog box. Then enter the login id, password, and full name. Make sure you put a '0' in the member groups box. This will put your new user in the 'wheel' group so that they can 'su' to root. Also put /usr/local/bin/bash in for their default shell. When finished, select 'OK', and then 'X - Exit'

 

 

Set the 'root' password: ******

 

 

When asked if you'd like to visit the General Configuration menu to set any last options, select "No".

 

 

Select OK when asked if you're sure you want to exit the install & reboot the system. Remove your floppy disk (probably the mfsroot disk) and your system will reboot.

 

(System reboots...)