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Kapitalisme - misforståelser og oppklaringer


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Liberalister ser bort fra seksualdriften.

 

Nei

 

Hvis individet er opplært til å leve slik og lever i en kultur hvor ingen andre har noe mer heller og nok land kan mennesket leve bra uten nesten noe som helst slik som buskmenn uten å kunne kalles for fattige.

 

Hva faen har dette med sex å gjøre?

 

Hva er det egentlig du forsøker å argumentere for? Seksualsosialisme?

 

Hva er egentlig poenget med å spre oppfatningene om individuelle rettighetene om det egentlig ikke finnes noen argumenter for dem?

 

Fordi det er i alles interesse å bygge et samfunn på visse normer.

 

dere jobber for å gjøre det verre for folk flest ved å ta fra dem sosiale sikkerhetsnett slik at rike mennesker kan bli enda rikere?

 

Leste du ikke åpningsinnlegget?

Endret av Rothbard
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Fordi du sa "Dette skjer nettopp ved at de fattige tjener mindre og at vanlige arbeidstakere må stress mer." Altså at noen må tape på det, når andre vinner?

 

I praksis er det slik at noen taper når andre vinner. Det er fordi sosial status er en del av den menneskelige seksualdrift og den menneskelige natur. Det er uansett ikke det jeg tenkte på her. Det jeg tenkte på var heller at når man ser i praksis så er det nettopp slik liberalistiske land får en mer produktiv økonomi når de faktisk klarer det, lavere lønninger for ufaglærte og mer stress. Med det mener jeg at de ufaglærte faktisk tjener mindre og får færre goder i liberalistiske land, noe som gjør varene billigere for andre. Folk jobber også flere timer i året i mer liberalistiske land, og dermed mer stress.

 

I et kapitalistisk samfunn legges det opp til bytting. Svakheten ved det du sier er jo om noen hverken yter seksuelt eller arbeidsmessig. I kapitalismen er det muligheter for å yte på det ene området og få dekket begge behov. Rik mann gifter seg med sexy dame er jo naturlig. Blir verre om rik, arbeidsom, flink, sexy og kåt dame må ta til takke med arbeidsssky lat, dum, enten han liker sex eller ikke. Blir ikke noe bytte...

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Det var nå bare et eksempel da. Jeg tror man kan stole på de fleste. Men jeg reagerte hvordan en person brukte kommentarfeltet til Dagbladet til å reklamere for sin egen frivillige hjelpeorganisasjon som ikke virker videre seriøs, for å si det mildt (klikk deg inn på hjemmesiden og du vil skjønne):

 

 

Jeg har selv aldri støttet noen foreninger eller organisasjoner med penger på slike telefonoppringninger da jeg ikke vet om dette er seriøse organisasjoner/foreninger eller svindlere. Selv har jeg et fåtall ganger siden organisasjonen startet sent ut e-mail til bedrifter og firmaer med forespørsel om de kan støtte oppom org. HULK med noen kroner. Jeg legger ved mitt telefonnummer og opplyser om hjemmesiden og at vi er registrert i Brønnøysundregisteret.

 

Dessuten er min tanke at folk selv avgjør om de vil støtte oss eller ikke når de leser vår appell om støtte til oss på vår hjemmeside.

 

Lise Tollefsen Slembe

 

HULK (help for youth in serious lifecrise)

 

http://www.hulk.no

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En kan jo også spørre seg hvor effektivt frivillig donasjon er når pengeinnsamlerne stikker av med mesteparten av pengene som doneres:

 

Grådigperer i veldedighetsham: Pengeinnsamlere raider landet og casher inn på veldedighet. Flere er blitt millionærer på veldedig pengeinnsamling. Her er noen av de som beriker seg på å ta minst 80 prosent av nødhjelpen de samler inn.

 

Kilde: Hegnar.no

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Hvis motparten er så mektig at den kan kjøpe opp den andre har den monopol på det den selger.

 

Den eneste måtn å bli mektig på i et fritt marked, er å tilfredsstille kundene. Når du ikke lenge rgjør det, vil du miste makt.

 

det finnes mange som gir mer enn det de egentlig har kapasitet til, eller hva de egentlig har råd til.

 

Så de dør?

 

Nei, men det er allikevel veldig fritt.

 

I forhold til mange andre land, ja. Men det er ikke fritt. Ikke engang nesten.

 

Hong Kong, which is often pointed to by right-wingers as an example of the power of capitalism and how a "pure" capitalism will benefit all. It has regularly been ranked as first in the "Index of Economic Freedom" produced by the Heritage Foundation, a US-based conservative think tank ("economic freedom" reflecting what you expect a right-winger would consider important). Milton Friedman played a leading role in this idealisation of the former UK colony. In his words:

 

"Take the fifty-year experiment in economic policy provided by Hong Kong between the end of World War II and . . . when Hong Kong reverted to China.

 

"In this experiment, Hong Kong represents the experimental treatment . . . I take Britain as one control because Britain, a benevolent dictator, imposed different policies on Hong Kong from the ones it pursued at home . . .

 

"Nonetheless, there are some statistics, and in 1960, the earliest date for which I have been able to get them, the average per capita income in Hong Kong was 28 percent of that in Great Britain; by 1996, it had risen to 137 percent of that in Britain. In short, from 1960 to 1996, Hong Kong's per capita income rose from about one-quarter of Britain's to more than a third larger than Britain's . . . I believe that the only plausible explanation for the different rates of growth is socialism in Britain, free enterprise and free markets in Hong Kong. Has anybody got a better explanation? I'd be grateful for any suggestions."

 

It should be stressed that by "socialism" Friedman meant state spending, particularly that associated with welfare ("Direct government spending is less than 15 percent of national income in Hong Kong, more than 40 percent in the United States." ). What to make of his claims?

 

It is undeniable that the figures for Hong Kong's economy are impressive. Per-capita GDP by end 1996 should reach US$ 25,300, one of the highest in Asia and higher than many western nations. Enviable tax rates - 16.5% corporate profits tax, 15% salaries tax. In the first 5 years of the 1990's Hong Kong's economy grew at a tremendous rate -- nominal per capita income and GDP levels (where inflation is not factored in) almost doubled. Even accounting for inflation, growth was brisk. The average annual growth rate in real terms of total GDP in the 10 years to 1995 was six per cent, growing by 4.6 per cent in 1995. However, looking more closely, we find a somewhat different picture than that painted by those claim Hong Kong as an example of the wonders of free market capitalism. Once these basic (and well known) facts are known, it is hard to take Friedman's claims seriously. Of course, there are aspects of laissez-faire to the system (it does not subsidise sunset industries, for example) however, there is much more to Hong Kong that these features. Ultimately, laissez-faire capitalism is more than just low taxes.

 

The most obvious starting place is the fact that the government owns all the land. To state the obvious, land nationalisation is hardly capitalistic. It is one of the reasons why its direct taxation levels are so low. As one resident points out:

 

"The main explanation for low tax rates . . . is not low social spending. One important factor is that Hong Kong does not have to support a defence industry . . . The most crucial explanation . . . lies in the fact that less than half of the government's revenues comes from direct taxation.

 

"The Hong Kong government actually derives much of its revenue from land transactions. The territory's land is technically owned by the government, and the government fills its coffers by selling fifty-year leases to developers (the fact that there are no absolute private property rights to land will come as another surprise t boosters of 'Hong Kong-style' libertarianism) . . . The government has an interest in maintaining high property values . . . if it is to maintain its policy of low taxation. It does this by carefully controlling the amount of land that is released for sale . . . It is, of course, those buying new homes and renting from the private sector who pay the price for this policy. Many Hong Kongers live in third world conditions, and the need to pay astronomical residential property prices is widely viewed as an indirect form of taxation."

 

The ownership of land and the state's role as landlord partly explains the low apparent ratio of state spending to GDP. If the cost of the subsidised housing land were accounted for at market prices in the government budget, the ratio would be significantly higher. As noted, Hong Kong had no need to pay for defence as this cost was borne by the UK taxpayer. Include these government-provided services at their market prices and the famously low share of government spending in GDP climbs sharply.

 

Luckily for many inhabitants of Hong Kong, the state provides a range of social welfare services in housing, education, health care and social security. The government has a very basic, but comprehensive social welfare system. This started in the 1950s, when the government launched one of the largest public housing schemes in history to house the influx of about 2 million people fleeing Communist China. Hong Kong's social welfare system really started in 1973, when the newly appointed governor "announced that public housing, education, medical, and social welfare services would be treated as the four pillars of a fair and caring society." He launched a public housing program and by 1998, 52 percent of the population "live in subsidised housing, most of whom rent flats from the Housing Authority with rents set at one-fifth the market level (the rest have bought subsidised flats under various home-ownership schemes, with prices discounted 50 percent from those in the private sector)." Beyond public housing, Hong Kong "also has most of the standard features of welfare states in Western Europe. There is an excellent public health care system: private hospitals are actually going out of business because clean and efficient public hospitals are well subsidised (the government pays 97 percent of the costs)." Fortunately for the state, the territory initially had a relatively youthful population compared with western countries which meant it had less need for spending on pensions and help for the aged (this advantage is declining as the population ages). In addition, the "large majority of primary schools and secondary schools are either free of heavily subsidised, and the territory's tertiary institutions all receive most of their funds from the public coffers." We can be sure that when conservatives and right-"libertarians" use Hong Kong as a model, they are not referring to these aspects of the regime.

 

Given this, Hong Kong has "deviated from the myth of a laissez-faire economy with the government limiting itself to the role of the 'night watchman'" as it "is a welfare state." In 1995-6, it spent 47 percent of its public expenditure on social services ("only slightly less than the United Kingdom"). Between 1992 and 1998, welfare spending increased at a real rate of at least 10 percent annually. "Without doubt," two experts note, "the development of public housing in Hong Kong has contributed greatly to the social well-being of the Territory." Overall, social welfare "is the third largest expenditure . . . after education and health." Hong Kong spent 11.6% of its GDP on welfare spending in 2004, for example.

 

Moreover, this state intervention is not limited to just social welfare provision. Hong Kong has an affordable public transport system in which the government has substantial equity in most transport systems and grants franchises and monopolised routes. So as well as being the monopoly owner of land and the largest landlord, the state imposes rent controls, operates three railways and regulates transport services and public utilities as monopoly franchises. It subsidises education, health care, welfare and charity. It has also took over the ownership and management of several banks in the 1980s to prevent a general bank run. Overall, since the 1960s "the Hong Kong government's involvement in everyday life has increases steadily and now reaches into many vital areas of socio-economic development." It also intervened massively in the stock market during the 1997 Asian crisis. Strangely, Friedman failed to note any of these developments nor point to the lack of competition in many areas of the domestic economy and the high returns given to competition-free utility companies.

 

The state did not agree to these welfare measures by choice, as they were originally forced upon it by fears of social unrest, first by waves of migrants fleeing from China and then by the need to portray itself as something more than an uncaring colonial regime. However, the other form of intervention it pursued was by choice, namely the collusion between the state and business elites. As one expert notes, the "executive-led 'administrative non-party' state was heavily influenced by the business community" with "the composition of various government advisory boards, committees and the three councils" reflecting this as "business interests had an overwhelming voice in the consultation machinery (about 70% of the total membership)." This is accurately described as a "bureaucratic-cum-corporatist state" with "the interests of government and the private sector dominating those of the community." Overall, "the government and private sector share common interests and have close links." Sizeable fortunes will be made when there are interlocking arrangements between the local oligarchies and the state.

 

Another commentator notes that the myth of Hong Kong's laissez-faire regime "has been disproved in academic debates more than a decade ago" and points to "the hypocrisy of laissez-faire colonialism" which is marked by "a government which is actively involved, fully engaged and often interventionist, whether by design or necessity." He notes that "the most damaging legacy [of colonial rule] was the blatantly pro-business bias in the government's decision-making." There has been "collusion between the colonial officialdom and the British economic elites." Indeed, "the colonial regime has been at fault for its subservience to business interests as manifested in its unwillingness until very recently, not because of laissez-faire but from its pro-business bias, to legislate against cartels and monopolies and to regulate economic activities in the interests of labour, consumers and the environment . . . In other words, free trade and free enterprise with an open market . . . did not always mean fair trade and equal opportunity: the regime intervened to favour British and big business interests at the expense of both fair play and of a level playing field for all economic players regardless of class or race." Bell notes that a British corporation "held the local telephone monopoly until 1995" while another "holds all the landing rights at Hong Kong airport."

 

Unsurprisingly, as it owns all the land, the government has "a strong position in commanding resources to direct spatial development in the territory." There is a "three-tiered system of land-use plans." The top-level, for example, "maps out the overall land development strategy to meet the long-term socio-economic needs of Hong Kong" and it is "prepared and reviewed by the administration and there is no public input to it." This planning system is, as noted, heavily influenced by the business sector and its "committees operate largely behind closed doors and policy formulation could be likened to a black-box operation." "Traditionally," Ng notes, "the closed door and Hong Kong centred urban planning system had served to maintain economic dynamism in the colony. With democratisation introduced in the 1980s, the planning system is forced to be more open and to serve not just economic interests." As Chan stresses, "the colonial government has continuously played a direct and crucial role as a very significant economic participant. Besides its control of valuable resources, the regime's command of the relevant legal, political and social institutions and processes also indirectly shapes economic behaviour and societal development."

 

Overall, as Bell notes, "one cannot help but notice the large gap between this reality and the myth of an open and competitive market where only talent and luck determine the economic winners." As an expert in the Asian Tiger economies summarises:

 

"to conclude . . . that Hong Kong is close to a free market economy is misleading . . . Not only is the economy managed from outside the formal institutions of government by the informal coalition of peak private economic organisations, but government itself also has available some unusual instruments for influencing industrial activity. It owns all the land. . . It controls rents in part of the public housing market and supplies subsidised public housing to roughly half the population, thereby helping to keep down the cost of labour. And its ability to increase or decrease the flow of immigrants from China also gives it a way of affecting labour costs."

 

This means that the Hong Kong system of "laissez-faire" is marked by the state having close ties with the major banks and trading companies, which, in turn, are closely linked to the life-time expatriates who largely run the government. This provides a "point of concentration" to conduct negotiations in line with an implicit development strategy. Therefore it is pretty clear that Hong Kong does not really show the benefits of "free market" capitalism. Wade indicates that we can consider Hong Kong as a "special case or as a less successful variant of the authoritarian-capitalist state."

 

 

Det viser hvilke tendenser man får jo friere landet blir. Økt forskjell mellom klassene.

 

Nei. Det er sosialisme som skaper rigide klasseskiller. Liberalisme gir folk muligheten til å komme seg opp og fram i verden.

 

Hvis skolene skal bli bedre trenger de mer penger

 

Nei, de trenger ressurser, ikke minst menneskelige ressurser som kunnskap. Penger er bare papir, og du vet det.

 

alltid være en gruppe som ikke får skole, eller som må nøye seg med dårlige skoler.

 

Noen må nøye seg med de dårligste skolene. Det sier seg selv. Men de trenger ikke nødvendigvis være dårlige.

 

Har du en dårlig bil hvis du eier en Volvo og naboen din eier en Mercedes? Vil du heller foretrekke at dere begge har en Lada?

 

Jeg støtter ideen om at alle skal bli behandlet likt, og at alle skal ha like muligheter.

 

Så hvis Kåre er født med én arm, foreslår du å kappe av armen på alle andre for å gi alle like muligheter?

 

Du kan nok ikke få både i pose og sekk. Du må velge mellom likhet for loven og likhet i materiell velstand og muligheter.

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Så da er løsningen å avskaffe alle kontrollorganer i et LF-samfunn, slik at onde svindlere kan opperere enda friere?

 

Hvis folk er onde, mener du virkelig det er en god idé å konsentrere makt hos noen få mennesker?

 

Det er du som vil la onde mennesker operere fritt med ondskapen sin, og styre andres liv og eiendom.

Endret av Rothbard
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Den eneste måtn å bli mektig på i et fritt marked, er å tilfredsstille kundene. Når du ikke lenge rgjør det, vil du miste makt.

 

Du snakker som om dette er bevist, men det er det ikke. De kan fortsette å skvise ut motstandere så lenge de vil, og allikevel ikke moderere seg. Menneskene har ingen unison eller felles telepati med hverandre, og det er dermed ingen selvfølge at folket vil reise seg mot "stor-kapitalistene".

 

Så de dør?

 

Nei, men de lever på dårligere kår og har det ikke så bra som de kunne hatt det. Jeg kjenner en kvinne som er sånn. Hun er alltid gjestfri, setter alltid andres behov foran sine egne og er alltid raus og tjener veldig lite. Alt er ikke så svart hvitt som du skal ha det til.

 

I forhold til mange andre land, ja. Men det er ikke fritt. Ikke engang nesten.

 

Spennende lesning. Men det er fortsatt friere enn andre land og man ser et klart mønster. Jo friere, jo større skille mellom klasser.

 

Nei. Det er sosialisme som skaper rigide klasseskiller. Liberalisme gir folk muligheten til å komme seg opp og fram i verden.

 

Det gjør da virkelig sosialismen også. Alle får lik skolegang og behandling. I et liberalistisk samfunn er det pengene som styrer, og det gir godt garsjerte folk mye større mulighet til å komme seg frem her i livet, enn en som har fattige foreldre.

 

Nei, de trenger ressurser, ikke minst menneskelige ressurser som kunnskap. Penger er bare papir, og du vet det.

 

Nei, det vet jeg ikke. For å få bedre ressurser trenger de mer penger. Bedre bøker, utstyr etc. De gode lærerne vil havne på de gode skolene, mens de dårlige vil havne på de dårlige skolene. Med andre ord vil de bli forskjell på kvaliteten i utdannelsen.

 

Noen må nøye seg med de dårligste skolene. Det sier seg selv. Men de trenger ikke nødvendigvis være dårlige.

 

Det er dette jeg er imot, og derav mitt politiske ståsted. Det skal ikke være størrelsen på lommeboken som teller, alle skal ha like muligheter.

 

Har du en dårlig bil hvis du eier en Volvo og naboen din eier en Mercedes? Vil du heller foretrekke at dere begge har en Lada?

 

Det er forskjell. Bil er ikke på langt nær så viktig som en utdannelse. En utdannelse skaper hvem du er, og er noe ingen kan ta fra deg. En bil er kun et transportmiddel.

 

Så hvis Kåre er født med én arm, foreslår du å kappe av armen på alle andre for å gi alle like muligheter?

 

Det har jo ingen relevans i det vi diskuterer og går under tvilsom diskutering. Alle skal ha lik skolegang og like muligheter innenfor utdannelsen sin. Medfødte deformasjoner er ikke noe man kan gjøre noe med, men det kan man med utdannelsestilbudet.

 

Du kan nok ikke få både i pose og sekk. Du må velge mellom likhet for loven og likhet i materiell velstand og muligheter.

 

I sosialismen kan man få dette. Men den diskusjonen pågår i ørten andre tråder, så vi kan heller ta den der.

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http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main...conomicsForever

 

La oss bruke denne som grunnbunn for samtalen, så vi kan prate ordtellig. For dere som ikke har vært borti tvtropes før, ikke klikk noen lenker der inne eller slå opp hvem som har gjordt hva med mindre dere har tid(gjøes på egen risiko!).

Jeg anser det som en mer "nøytral" oppsummering, og litt mer. For at kapitalisme fungerer kreves det at staten regulerer alt de makter i bakgrunnen for å holde markedet funksjonelt.

 

Og for å ta et annet argument: Det er et satt mengde med "penger" i omløp. Selve verdien forander seg aldri, men vi kan hive inn mer ressurser fra noen plass og derfra printe ut mer penger.............

Totalen er latterlig stor, men totalen i omløp er mer en hva hver person trenger for å leve godt. Ergo: For at det skal eksistere noen fattige må det eksistere noen ekstremt rike. Men dermed kan det også finnes noen rike og en middelklasse.

Alle samfunn med en underklasse har tapt, det er lite å tjene på det. F.eks kan ikke et land leve på bare eksport eller import heller. OSV OSV OSV.

 

Hmmm, mye over hode mitt <3

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